The Anaconda Plan – A Union Plan for Winning the Civil War

At the beginning of the Civil War, President Lincolncountry would not blockade it’s own ports.
gathered his generals together as he wanted toLincoln had, so far, been successful in avoiding this by
come up with a plan to get the southern states backcalling the war nothing but the quelling of a rebellion.
in the Union. The supreme commander of the UnionGideon Welles, Secretary of the Navy, was
Army, General Winfield Scott, devised a strategyconcerned that the Anaconda Plan might give foreign
that would come to be called the Anaconda Plan.countries the opportunity to extend to the
General Scott was from Virginian and thought that aConfederacy full diplomatic relations thus opening the
large percentage of Southerners wanted to be partSouth to foreign trade. This blockade could also
of a united Union therefore he wanted to rebuild thecause problems with countries attempting to engage
union with a strategic policy that called for as littlein commerce with The Confederate States of
blood shed as possible. General Scott’s plan calledAmerica.
for a complete blockade of the Southern states byThe Union put the Anaconda Plan into action and it
the Union Navy.was to be a major part of the North’s strategy
The Anaconda Plan was named for the Southgoing forward. Secretary Welles was to assume the
American anaconda; a snake that kills it’s preyresponsibility of the putting into place and maintaining
by constriction and strangulation. Strangling the Souththe blockade as well as building a fleet of ships
to defeat by cutting of vital supplies from thenecessary to complete the ambitious plan. To do this
outside was the basis for Scott's plan. The plan madehe took the Union Navy from having only 82 ships in
sense but was ambitious to say the least. Generalearly 1861 to 264 ships by the end of the year. The
Scott called for the blockading of the more thanUS Navy would have a fleet of over 600 Naval
3,500 miles of coast line from Virginia to Mexico andvessels by the end of the war.
up the Mississippi River from New Orleans. DependingThe effect the Anaconda Plan had on the outcome
on this strategy would require a great deal ofof the Civil War is a matter that has caused much
patience and would only work over time and with thediscussion. The blockade enforced on the
supplies on hand, the South could hold out for a goodConfederacy by the Union Navy certainly has to be a
while.consideration in the South’s loss. The James
President Lincoln knew that adopting such a planRiver, as being the entrance to Chesapeake Bay,
could have world wide diplomatic repercussions thatwas equally important to the North and South and
could cause the Union problems. The Anaconda Planthe Union’s ability to hold Fort Monroe as a result
would essentially be giving the Confederacyof the blockade could certainly be seen as a deciding
recognition as a legitimate country as surly nofactor in the war.